全文获取类型
收费全文 | 27289篇 |
免费 | 5074篇 |
国内免费 | 4229篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 20509篇 |
晶体学 | 569篇 |
力学 | 1495篇 |
综合类 | 349篇 |
数学 | 3266篇 |
物理学 | 10404篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 23篇 |
2023年 | 451篇 |
2022年 | 579篇 |
2021年 | 762篇 |
2020年 | 996篇 |
2019年 | 1108篇 |
2018年 | 879篇 |
2017年 | 919篇 |
2016年 | 1307篇 |
2015年 | 1364篇 |
2014年 | 1616篇 |
2013年 | 2063篇 |
2012年 | 2634篇 |
2011年 | 2636篇 |
2010年 | 2010篇 |
2009年 | 1935篇 |
2008年 | 2172篇 |
2007年 | 1797篇 |
2006年 | 1825篇 |
2005年 | 1635篇 |
2004年 | 1344篇 |
2003年 | 1013篇 |
2002年 | 987篇 |
2001年 | 813篇 |
2000年 | 615篇 |
1999年 | 586篇 |
1998年 | 374篇 |
1997年 | 276篇 |
1996年 | 279篇 |
1995年 | 265篇 |
1994年 | 254篇 |
1993年 | 179篇 |
1992年 | 132篇 |
1991年 | 153篇 |
1990年 | 124篇 |
1989年 | 86篇 |
1988年 | 70篇 |
1987年 | 41篇 |
1986年 | 54篇 |
1985年 | 47篇 |
1984年 | 32篇 |
1983年 | 29篇 |
1982年 | 20篇 |
1981年 | 26篇 |
1980年 | 12篇 |
1979年 | 15篇 |
1978年 | 9篇 |
1977年 | 9篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1936年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
The surface charge is a key concept in electrochemistry. Mathematically, the surface charge is obtained from a spatial integration of the volume charge along a particular direction. Ambiguities thus arise in choosing the starting and ending points of the integration. As for electrocatalytic interfaces, the presence of chemisorbates further complicates the situation. In this minireview, I adopt a definition of the surface charge within a continuum picture of the electric double layer. I will introduce surface charging behaviors of firstly ordinary electrochemical interfaces and then electrocatalytic interfaces featuring partially charged chemisorbates. Particularly, the origin of nonmonotonic surface charging behaviors of electrocatalytic interfaces is explained using a primitive model. Finally, a brief account of previous studies on the nonmonotonic surface charging behavior is presented, as a subline of the spectacular history of electric double layer. 相似文献
2.
Yin Qingqing Xu Fen Sun Lixian Li Yaying Liao Lumin Wang Tao Guan Yanxun Xia Yongpeng Zhang Chenchen Wei Sheng Zhang Huanzhi Li Bin 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2022,147(12):6583-6592
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is widely used as phase change materials (PCMs). However, the leakage and low thermal conductivity issues restrict its... 相似文献
3.
Atopic dermatitis is characterized by leukocyte migration into the skin dermis and typically driven by excessive chemokine production at the site of inflammation. Conventional topical formulations such as gels, creams, and ointments are insufficient for this treatment because of low penetration of drug molecules into the targeted skin tissues. Herein, using a simple, green, sustainable strategy, we have developed novel primary zein nanoparticles embedded in curcumin (Cur) and coated with silk sericin (ZHSCs) for the topical delivery of Cur to penetrate into the dermis and exercise anti-dermatitis effects on the lesion with minimal side-effects. Transdermal delivery experiments and porcine skin fluorescence imaging indicated that ZHSCs facilitate the penetration of Cur across the epidermis layer of skin to reach deep-seated sites. Notably, ZHSCs = 1:0.25 (zein-to-silk sericin mass ratios of 1:0.25) markedly elevated the skin permeability and cumulative turnover of Cur transferred, which were provided a greater than a 3.8-fold increase relative to free Cur. The special nanoparticles of ZHS = 1:0.25 possessed the deepest localization depth and experience a transition of the particle structure and core-shell separation after penetrating into the dermis of skin. In a cell model of dermatitis induced by tumor necrosis factor α/interferon γ co-stimulation, compared with free Cur, Cur-loaded ZHS nanoparticles down-regulated the generation of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in keratinocytes through suppression of the nuclear translocation of NF-κBp65 and hence exerted an anti-dermatitis effect. This strategy may provide new avenues and direction for the demanding issues of valid topical delivery systems. 相似文献
4.
5.
In this paper,we investigate the non-autonomous Hamilton-Jacobi equation ■ where H is 1-periodic with respect to t and M is a compact Riemannian manifold without boundary.We obtain the viscosity solution denoted by T_(t_0)~tφ(x) and show T_(t_0)~tφ(x) converges uniformly to a time-periodic viscosity solution u~*(x,t) of ?_tu+H(t,x,?_xu,u)=0. 相似文献
6.
The molecular geometries and dissociation energies of AnO (An = Bk–Lr) molecules were first obtained at thecoupled-cluster single-, double-, and perturbative triple-excitations [CCSD(T)] level of theory. Four hybrid functionals,B3LYP, M06-2X, TPSSh, and PBE0, were also employed in the calculations for the sake of comparison. In comparison ofthe CCSD(T) results, B3LYP, TPSSh, and PBE0 functionals can obtain more appropriate results than M06-2X and MP2.The analyses on molecular orbitals show that the 7s, 6d, and 5f atomic orbitals of actinide (An) atoms participate in thebonding of An–O bonds. The partial covalent nature between An and O atoms is revealed by QTAIM analyses. 相似文献
7.
利用等离子增强原子层沉积技术(PEALD)在c面蓝宝石衬底上制备了氧化镓(Ga2O3)薄膜,研究了退火气氛(v(N2)∶v(O2)=1∶1(体积比)、空气和N2)及退火时间对Ga2O3薄膜晶体结构、表面形貌和光学性质的影响。研究结果表明,退火前的氧化镓处于亚稳态,不同退火气氛下退火后晶体结构发生明显改变,而且退火气氛中N2比例增加有利于Ga2O3重结晶。在N2气氛下退火达到30 min,薄膜结构已由亚稳态转变成择优取向的β-Ga2O3。而且表面形貌分析表明,退火30 min后表面形貌开始趋于稳定,表面晶粒密度不再增加。另外实验样品在 400~800 nm的平均透射率几乎是100%,且光吸收边陡峭。采用N2气氛退火,对于富氧环境下沉积的Ga2O3更利于薄膜表面原子迁移,以及择优取向Ga2O3重结晶。 相似文献
8.
Li Y. Shi W. H. Dong L. M. Xu S. X. Huang H. J. Yin J. R. 《Journal of Applied Spectroscopy》2022,89(3):534-541
Journal of Applied Spectroscopy - Sr3B2O6:Dy3+, Eu3+ single-matrix white-light-emitting materials are prepared using the high-temperature solid-state method. The microstructure, emission spectrum,... 相似文献
9.
Designs, Codes and Cryptography - The Learning-With-Errors (LWE) problem (and its variants including Ring-LWE and Module-LWE), whose security are based on hard ideal lattice problems, has proven to... 相似文献
10.